MS SQL Server

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What do you think of Microsoft SQL Server?
5 answers · Follow
Answer by DanielSimon01/05/2012
SQL is standed for Structured Query Language.

Microsoft SQL Server is a great database manager but not the best. There are many other similar programs, e.g. oracle sql, Sybase,Access.

Microsoft SQL Server enables administrators to centrally monitor and manage multiple database applications.

How to export data?
01/12/2012 by Scott Lackey · 4 answers · Follow
Answer by SteveQueen01/13/2012
Navigate to this page from Microsoft SQL Server support center and learn how to run the SQL Server Import and Export Wizard:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms140052.aspx

Filemaker 8 Tutorial
11/18/2011 by SaideeDay · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by BrianHimlie11/18/2011
Creating a New Database
To start building your own database, launch the Filemaker 8 application on your PC or Mac computer. PC users should click on the icon in the Start menu, while Mac users will need to click on the "Dock" icon. After the program finishes loading, you will see a welcome screen, where you are given the option of creating a new blank database or using one of the included template databases. If you choose to use a template database, you must then select a template from the menu on the right side of the window. After selecting a template database, click the "OK" button and choose a name for the new database. The next time that you open Filemaker 8, you can use the "Open" command in the "File" menu to open your new database. If your database is hosted on a Filemaker server, you should use the "Open Remote" command instead.

Adding Fields
Once you have successfully created a new database file in Filemaker 8, it is time to begin adding fields to determine how your data will be organized. All field creation and modification is done through the database management window. To get there, open the "File" menu, expand the "Define" submenu and choose "Database." Then go to "Fields" tab at the top of the window. A list of all fields currently set up in your database will be displayed in the middle of the window. Fields in FIlemaker 8 can be one of eight types: text, number, time, date, timestamp, container, calculation or summary. To create a new field in your database, enter a name for the new field in the "Field Name" section and then choose a field type from the drop-down menu. Click on the "Create" button at the bottom of the window to add the new field to your database, and then hit "OK" to save the changes.

Sharing a Database
Filemaker 8 allows you to easily share a database on your local network from a host computer or server. To set up sharing on a Filemaker database, go into the "Sharing" menu and choose the "Filemaker Network" option. In the pop-up window, select the "On" radio button to enable network sharing. Then under the "Network access" portion of the window, determine what users should have access to this file. Choosing "All Users" will allow any individuals on your local network to connect to the database. The "No Users" option will block all outside users from accessing the file. The other option, labeled "Specify users," allows you to choose which users you want to grant access to the shared file. Make sure to click "OK" to save the sharing settings when you are done. After that, outside users on your network can go to the "Open Remote" command in the "File" menu to access your shared database.

What Is FileMaker?
11/18/2011 by jvanhorn · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JGebauer11/18/2011
FileMaker Basics
FileMaker is both the name of a software company (FileMaker, Inc.) and its line of proprietary database software applications, currently known as FileMaker Pro. There are a variety of FileMaker products available, catering to the needs of various sizes of organizations. The company also makes personal database management software. FileMaker products are available for both Windows and Mac operating systems.

Database Basics
A database is a collection of related information stored together in an organized fashion. A database allows for large amounts of data to be stored, accessed and searched in various ways. Databases enable an organization to manage large amounts of information, about a variety of topics, in a relatively easy manner. A basic database example is a column list of student names in an organization.

FileMaker Databases
FileMaker uses a type of database known as a relational database. This kind of database can include multiple tables of data, each containing different information about a related topic. A basic example is a database of students, with tables for each subject the students are enrolled in. Such a database could also include tables with the student's hobbies, addresses and phone numbers.

FileMaker Products
There are currently an array of software database management products available from FileMaker. The base product is FileMaker Pro. There is an advanced edition available for customized database needs and also a server edition for network databases. Additionally, the company is now also making a personal database product called Bento.

Company Information
FileMaker is a relatively popular database program. The company's database products are available in 11 languages, according to the FileMaker website. The company site also states that it has been profitable in "every quarter since its formation."

Advantages & Disadvantages of FileMaker & Access
11/18/2011 by KatyAmeglio · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JThompson11/18/2011
Support and Training
Microsoft (MS) Access is a popular choice for business settings, partly because there is a significant amount of business-directed training specifically intended to teach employees the basics of database creation. There is also an extensive tutorial system integrated into the Microsoft Access Online Support site. FileMaker has a support site based mostly on a collection of community forum questions and responses.

If a user is working from a Macintosh-based environment, where integration among Apple products is the norm, then FileMaker is the only option here, as Access does not have a Mac version.

User Interface
Depending on your attitude toward aesthetics, you may find MS Access too drab and dull with which to work. While there are some color changes or styles that can be altered, Access is quite limited when it comes to appearance. FileMaker, on the other hand, makes aesthetics a top priority, and there are many color, shape, style, font and other adjustments available. A new user might find FileMaker somewhat more difficult to navigate, as they have kept the button clutter to a minimum on the navigation bar. Access, however, squeezes nearly every possible function into its interface.

Reports and Queries
MS Access tends to pack most of its power in the versatility of reports that it can create, which include both simple and complex comparisons of tables, a query wizard that helps a user throughout the process, and the ability to tweak that report to an appropriate view for any given audience. However, in versions previous to Access 2007, it was somewhat difficult for a user to execute a report without a significant amount of knowledge or reference, as the report and query wizards were not very advanced.

FileMaker can, for the most part, produce the same basic reports and queries as MS Access, but the templates and wizards for this purpose are relatively rigid and sparse in comparison. With some SQL knowledge, a user can override the basic options in FileMaker and produce manual queries, but it requires more expertise than the average user possesses.

Portability and Sharing
Both FileMaker and Access advertise their capacities to publish your database online through some form of web publishing. FileMaker is not intended for high-capacity users in its most basic form (users can upgrade to FileMaker Pro), and supports a maximum of five simultaneous users. Microsoft's Sharepoint service is a bit more flexible, allowing you not only to upload the database to the internet, but to send it via network or email to other team members, which upon response can directly populate your network without ever having to go online. However, this depends on an environment having an ethernet or other network established that would allow for such sharing.

Features of FileMaker
11/18/2011 by JohnEverard · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by Kiwinige11/18/2011
Publish Data
With FileMaker Pro, people can publish their databases to the web. Moreover, you can create surveys, customer feedback forms, registration sites, service requests and more. You do not need additional software to do this, and FileMaker Pro allows five "simultaneous web users" to access the databases and publish them.

Reports
You can create quick spreadsheet styles or custom layout reports with FileMaker Pro. This feature will allow you to track sales performance, and publish key metrics. Moreover, you can publish those reports in popular formats, such as Microsoft Excel or Adobe Acrobat formats.

Custom Databases
Another feature is the ability to create custom databases. There is a lot of information in the FileMaker Resource Center to help you get started with creating databases. There are over 30 ready-to-use templates to choose from, and you can also import your existing databases from Microsoft Excel and Bento.

Business Solutions
With FileMaker Pro, companies can manage and organize contacts, create to-do lists and track customer service information. It can also be used to monitor inventory, tracking billing and expenses and create invoices.

Education Tools
Educational institutions can use FileMaker Pro to manage resource scheduling, student records and emergency cards, contacts and more.

Home Task Management
With FileMaker Pro you can manage home tasks such as contacts, budgets, family medical records, to-do lists, music and movies libraries, recipes and events.

Uses for Ports in FileMaker
11/18/2011 by maxkitty · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JPhillippy11/18/2011
Port Forwarding
Essentially, the function of ports in FileMaker is to allow users operating from one location to access information stored on another computer. This is referred to as port forwarding. To allow people to access your computer, you must open the proper ports in your firewall. Every kind of modem has different ports that must be opened.

TCP
Transmission control protocol (TCP) is used by application programs that require guaranteed delivery of information between two points on the Web. FileMaker uses TCP to communicate with its clients, with the Web and with other applications, and ports are the openings through which it establishes its connections.

Important Individual Ports
Port 5003 is used by FileMaker to host files and therefore must be opened on your modem. This port allows files that are not stored on your computer system to flow in and out. Port 5353 helps FileMaker clients find other clients within a local network. Port 16000 is the port through which your Web browser fetches server configuration information. It is essentially where all the data that control the structure of the server comes from.

Web Publishing Engine
FileMaker's Web Publishing Engine is a feature that enables FileMaker to publish information online. For this information to be sent, several ports must be opened. The ports used for this purpose are usually port 16000 and ports 16004 through 16018.

Web Server
Filemaker Server also integrates with your computer's Web server, using it as a way to relay information to the Web Publishing Engine. The ports used for this purpose are ports 80 and 443.

Peer-to-Peer Data Sharing
FileMaker Pro also has a peer-to-peer file-sharing service that gives users with the same program access to information on your computer. The ports used for this function include port 500, through which guests can retrieve data, port 80, through which Web publishing clients get Web data, and port 2399, where other programs can gain access to FileMaker data.

What Are Some Advantages & Disadvantages of MS Excel & Access?
11/18/2011 by LindaRodrigues · 2 answers · Follow
Answer by Anonymous user01/05/2012
bekar he kuch nai karta................

JDBC ResultSet Example
11/18/2011 by SaideeDay · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by SharonJohn11/18/2011
Example Environment
In the following examples, you will connect to a database named "staff," a single table within that database named "people" containing three columns: "first_name", "last_name", "title," and "wage." Your table contains the following records:

Bob, Smith, Clerk, 23.50
Ted, Anderson, Designer, 38.00
Fred, Johnson, Programmer, 32.25
Alice, Anderson, Engineer, 46.75
Bob, Clark, Intern, 15.00
Carol, Smith, Manager, 42.50

Query the Database
Create a database Connection and create a Statement object by calling our Connection object's createStatement() function.

String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/staff";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "username", "password");
Statement st = conn.createStatement();

Create a query string containing a valid SQL query statement.

String query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM people";

Create a ResultSet object by using the Statement object to execute the query to the database.

ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(query);

The ResultSet object, rs, now contains the results of the query: the "first_name" and "last_name" columns for every record in the "people" table.

Accessing the Query Results
The ResultSet object has a cursor, which initially does not point to any record. Call ResultSet's first() function to move the cursor to the first record held by the ResultSet object. ResultSet's get functions provide access to the contents of each column using the column name from the database table. Use getString(String columnLabel) to retrieve the contents of the VARCHAR columns "first_name" and "last_name."

rs.first();
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString("last_name");
System.out.println(ln + ", " + fn);

The last line above prints:

Smith, Bob

Call ResultSet's last() function to move the cursor to the last record held by the ResultSet object.

rs.last();
fn = rs.getString("first_name");
ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(ln + ", " + fn);

The last line above prints:

Smith, Carol

Stepping Through the Query Results
Typically, you will wish to access all the results returned by the query. ResultSet's next() function moves the cursor forward to the next record. When the cursor is moved past the end of the result set, the next() function returns NULL, allowing you to use the return value to escape from a while loop.

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String query = "SELECT * FROM people where wage > 30";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(query);

while (rs.next()) {
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);
}

The while loop steps through each record in the result set, and prints:

Ted Anderson
Fred Johnson
Alice Anderson
Carol Smith

ResultSet's previous() function moves the cursor backwards one record in the result set, and returns NULL when the cursor has moved before the first record. This allows you to walk backwards through the result set and use the return value from the previous() function to escape a while loop. Continuing the example above, the cursor was left positioned after the last record in the result set. Use the previous() function walk backwards through the query results, printing the title and wage columns from each record. Use ResultSet's getFloat(String columnLabel) function to access the content of the FLOAT column "wage":

while (rs.previous()) {
String t = rs.getString("title");
int w = rs.getFloat("wage");
System.out.println(fn + " $" + ln);
}

The while loop steps backwards through each record in the result set, and prints:

Manager $42.50
Engineer $46.75
Programmer $32.25
Designer $38.00

Random Access Navigation
ResultSet offers functions for moving the cursor arbitrarily through the records in a result set. Retrieve all the records contained by the "people" table, sorted by the "last_name" then "first_name" columns:

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String query = "SELECT * FROM people order by last_name, first_name";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(query);

The result set contains:

Alice, Anderson, Engineer, 46.75
Ted, Anderson, Designer, 38.00
Bob, Clark, Intern, 15.00
Fred, Johnson, Programmer, 32.25
Bob, Smith, Clerk, 23.50
Carol, Smith, Manager, 42.50

Use the absolute(int row) function to set the cursor to a specific row in the result set. A positive value for the row parameter will move the cursor forward from before the beginning of the result set. A negative value for the row parameter will move the cursor backward from the end of the result set:

rs.absolute (3);
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

rs.absolute (5);
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

rs.absolute (-1);
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

rs.absolute (-3);
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

The print statements above output:

Bob Clark
Bob Smith
Carol Smith
Fred Johnson

Continuing, use relative(int row) to move the cursor backwards or forwards relative to the current position. The cursor was left positioned at the fourth record of the result set. Move it forward two rows, then backward four rows:

rs.relative(2);
fn = rs.getString("first_name");
ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

rs.relative(-4);
fn = rs.getString("first_name");
ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);

The print statements in the above code output:

Carol Smith
Ted Anderson

Modifying the Results
Modify the contents of a result set using ResultSet's update functions. Use updateString(String columnLabel, String x) to change all the records matching "Bob" in the "first_name" column to "Robert." Use the beforeFirst() function to reset the cursor to before the beginning of the result set so you can walk through the updated result set and print the new values:

String query = "SELECT * FROM people";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(query);

while (rs.next()) {
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
if (fn.equals("Bob") {
rs.updateString("first_name", "Robert");
}
}
rs.beforeFirst();
while (rs.next()) {
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);
}

The following results are printed:

Robert Smith
Ted Anderson
Fred Johnson
Alice Anderson
Robert Clark
Carol Smith

Handling Errors
Many of ResultSet's functions throw a SQLException. Best practice dictates thrown errors should be caught and handled. SQLException's message can be very useful in debugging connection and query errors. Contain your connection and query code in try-catch blocks.

try {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/staff";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "username", "password");
Statement st = conn.createStatement();

String query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM people";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(query);

while (rs.next()) {
String fn = rs.getString("first_name");
String ln = rs.getString ("last_name");
System.out.println(fn + " " + ln);
}
}
catch (SQLException ex) {
System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
}

Clean Up
A ResultSet object is automatically closed when the Statement object used to create it is close. When closed, a ResultSet object will automatically release resources. Force a ResultSet object to release all the JDBC and database resource it hold by calling the close() function. Close the ResultSet object, rs, from the above examples:

rs.close();

What Is a Router Table?
11/18/2011 by MikeChin · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by tdintx11/18/2011
Features
The main feature of a router table is a database of information. The database stores all the ways that a router can connect to a network. When the router is in use the router reads the table and figures out the best way for the router to connect to the network or internet. Larger networks often have multiple router tables which categorize the different routes and nodes necessary to connect to the network. Small networks can be routed manually, but most networks require the use of a router table.

Function
The main function of a router table is to arrange the data in a computer network so that the router can connect to the network in the best possible and most efficient way possible. The reason that a router table is used is so that the network does not have to look for the best connection every time. This makes the connection time much faster, and eliminates a lot of waiting time and helps keep different networks in line.

Significance
Router tables are important for connection speed of various networks. One of the main purposes of a router table is to keep the connection pathways stored in the computer so that the router does not have to search for new connections every time. The database stored in the router table helps keep connection times down to several seconds, rather than several minutes or more. This is very important for networks that see a lot of use.

Benefits
The main benefit to a router table is the benefit of speed. Keeping the connection pathways stored in the router or on the computer helps the network run a lot more smoothly. Without the router table, the different nodes would get lost and they would have to be found by hand which would take several hours a day. Without a router table, a network connected wirelessly would not work.

Considerations
Since the router tables are so important to a network's connections, it is likely that they will continue to improve in the next few years. Connection speeds are always increasing, and this is partially due to the better router tables and database storage functions. Larger networks require larger router tables, which will also improve over the next few years. In the future, it might be possible to connect to any network from anywhere. This will make file sharing and other network tasks much easier

The Disadvantages of Database Denormalization
11/18/2011 by ScottHamman · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by PPrashanth11/18/2011
What is Normalization?
Normalization is how database designers decide on the appropriate fields, tables and table relationships that belong in the database. The benefits of a normalized database are reduced data redundancy and inconsistent dependency, as well as a more intuitive design for users. Redundant data leads to a user having to add, edit or delete the same data from more than one place in the system. Inconsistent dependency forces a user to look in a nonintuitive location for the data.

What is First Normal Form?
Ensuring database normalization is accomplished by using First Normal Form. This eliminates repeating fields in individual tables. An example of a repeating field is Class1, Class2 and Class3. This design will work until a student takes a fourth class. Another part of First Normal Form is to make sure that each field is in the smallest unit possible. For example, instead of having a field for ClientName, the table should have two fields, ClientFirstName and ClientLastName.

What is Second Normal Form?
Eliminating redundant data across tables and records is Second Normal Form. The developer must ensure that each field appears only in one table in order to stop repetitive data entry. The only time that a field can be in a secondary table is when it is used as a foreign key. An example of this is an instructor table that contains the primary key of InstructorID. InstructorID can show up again in a secondary table called Class to identify who is instructing the class.

What is Third Normal Form?
Third Normal Form makes sure that there is not Inconsistent Dependency. Inconsistency Dependency occurs when a field is in an unexpected table. For example, it would not be intuitive to look for a student's phone in the class table. The easiest way to make sure the field belongs in the appropriate table is to ask the question the <field name> of the <table name> is <data>. For example, the <last name> of the <instructor> is <Johnson>. This makes logical sense. An example of Inconsistent Dependency is the <title> of the <instructor > is <Database Design>.

What is Denormalization?
Sometimes it is appropriate for a designer to purposely denormalize parts of a database. A database designer must do this with forethought in order to negate a negative impact to performance and ease of use. By denormalizing the design, less join tables and foreign keys are required. Denormalization can be used on First and Second Normal Form; however, it should never be used on Third Normal Form.

What Are the Parts of a Database Table?
11/18/2011 by jvanhorn · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JGebauer11/18/2011
Columns
Columns store information of various types, such as numbers, names and dates.

Record
A record or a row stores an individual piece of information. For instance, an "employees" table can have rows that contain specific information about different employees.

Indexes
Indexes in the database table help you to find the rows that you are looking for.

Controls
Controls of the database table confirm whether the data is valid or not. Some of the controls are constraints, defaults and triggers.

Insight
A table is a database object. A database can contain one or more tables.

How Do I Get Table Names From a Database?
11/18/2011 by KatyAmeglio · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by SteveQueen11/18/2011
Table Contents
One of the easiest ways to find the table names in your database is to open the database and select "Tables" from the "Object" menu. When you click "Tables" you will see a list of all of the tables contained in the database. Take note of each of those table names--you will need them as you create forms for users to enter and review data. You will also need those table names to create queries and reports.

Once you have the tables in view, you can examine the contents of each table. Double-clicking on a table will open it in normal view, allowing you to see the contents of the table, including the names of the fields and the contents. If you right-click on the table and choose "Design View" you can see the specifications for each field, including the length of the field and the type of data it contains, i.e. text, numerical, currency.

Create Query
You can see the list of tables in your database when you create a new query as well. To create a new query click on "Queries" from the "Object" menu and choose "Create a query in design view" or "Create a query by using wizard." From there you can simply click the drop-down arrow to see a list of all the tables contained in your database.

Create Form
If you need to design a form for data entry or to allow users to review existing data in one of your tables you can create a form based on that table. Even if you do not know the exact table name, you can start creating the form and simply choose the table from the list you are provided. Simply choose "Forms" from the "Objects" menu and choose "Create form by using wizard" from the list. You will see a list of the tables contained in your database. Simply choose the appropriate table from the list and follow the prompts. Doing so will automatically create a data entry or data review form based on the contents of the chosen table.

What Are the Functions of a Database Application in Tables?
11/18/2011 by KCornell · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JavierSanchez11/18/2011
Simplified Entry
Comparable in appearance to spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft Excel, tables provide operators a simple, clear-cut platform in which to enter data. Users decide on the categories, or fields, for the table. For instance, when creating a database to organize professional contacts, the user might choose fields such as "First Name," "Last Name," "Address" and "Phone Number." These fields become the headers of the table, creating the format for the data entry operators to use.

Many popular database programs include features that further simplify entering data. For example, Microsoft Access includes an easy-to-use form creation wizard. This allows users to enter data into a visually pleasing form, rather than directly into the table. This feature also allows users to take advantage of shortcuts, such as utilizing proprietary drop-down menus with specified options to choose from.

Microsoft Word, the popular word processing software, also includes a form feature. This helps users enter their information in a manner much easier on the eyes than typing it into a table.

Sorting and Filtering
Tables allow users to organize their information. A table used within a database expands their ability to manipulate the data. For instance, a very large table quickly and easily gets sorted by a selected field in most database programs with a click on an icon. Operators also have the option to sort the data in reverse order.

In addition to sorting, users may also filter information in a table on a database. Filters pull specified records. For example, should a user who has a table with thousands of entries wish to only see those located in New York, they would use a filter to perform that task.

Reports
The original table containing the information in the database may often get developed into a new table utilizing reporting features. These new report tables allow the operator to manipulate the data in countless ways that can include fields that automatically perform analytical calculations. For instance, if the original table includes client information, such as region and sales figures, the report could have not only the data from the original table, but total sales for each region.

Introduction to Access VBA
11/18/2011 by jvanhorn · 1 answers · Follow
Answer by JThompson11/18/2011
Access Uses
Access can be used to create and manage small-to-medium database projects. Larger database projects prove problematic for Microsoft Access. When a database becomes too large for Access, Microsoft recommends converting it to their SQL Server. Access can act as a front end to SQL Server but incurs a performance penalty.

VBA and Microsoft Office
VBA is an object-oriented compiled language based on Microsoft Visual Basic. It permits you to program code for Microsoft Access and exchange information between the Microsoft Office products, i.e. from Access to Word or Excel documents.

On-Line Training
On-line training exists for VBA's basic features and to understand the object model of programming.

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